The+Ottoman+Empire

**__Nature of the Ottoman Rule __**
The Ottoman Empire like many other empires in India and Persia were labeled as a "gunpowder empire". A gunpowder empire was formed by an outside group of conquerors. The name says it all that they are known for their technology in firearms. The head of the Ottoman Empire was the sultan. He was in a position of supreme authority in both military and politics. When a son became a sultan his mother became known only as the queen and acted as a very big advisor to the throne.

**__Religion in the Ottoman World __**
Ottomans were mostly Sunni Muslims. But they were generally tolerant of not Muslims who were defiantly a minority there. But non Muslims just had to pay a tax and they could still practice their religion there without being judged. And Ottoman Sultans decided to claim the title of caliph in the early sixteenth century and it stayed with them for quite a while. The sultans gave almost all their religious duties to their religion advisors call the ulema.

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**__Ottoman Society __**
The people of the Ottoman Empire were divided by their occupation. There were four main occupation groups’ peasants, artisans, merchants and pastoral peoples. Peasants were the people who farmed land leased to the by the state. Artisans were organized by their craft guides. Each guide gave financial services, training and social security to their members. Merchants were the most privileged because they did not have to pay taxes. And their women were almost as equal as men. One of the ways they were not equal was women were not allowed to own property, they could not be forced to be married and they were allowed to seek divorce.

**__Ottoman Warfare __**
I placed a two videos here of the battle of Grivtia and the battle of Belgrad fought by the Ottoman Empire. I put them there just to show you how deadly they were.

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 * ===Warfare === || === · Battle Ottomans ===

· Ally with European states
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 * ===Arts === || === · Blend Persian and Turkish influences ===

· Excel at carpet making and painting
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 * ===Government === || === · The shah trains administrators === ||
 * ===<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Trade === || === · <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Geography limits trade === ||
 * ===<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Religion === || === · <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Shiite Muslim ===

· <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Religious orthodoxy
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 * ===<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Women === || === · <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Social restrictions ===

· <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Are kept secluded and made to wear veils
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**__<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">The rise and fall of the ottoman empire __**
<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Ottoman Empire went through two tremendous changes involving conquering. They won some then lose some. This video shows the years that they took over a lot of places and then people took them back.

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-Balkans -Constantinople (Istanbul) || -Egypt -Mesopotamia || -Hungary -Libya ||
 * The Sultan || Dates || The Conquered Territory ||
 * Mehmet II || 1451-1481 || -Anatolian Peninsula
 * Selim I || 1512-1520 || -Arabia
 * S<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">üleyman I || 1520-1566 || -Austria

**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">What information should you remember? **

**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Key Figures: **

**__<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Mehmet II- __**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Under the leadership of the Ottomans Sultan Mehmet II the ottomans moved to the end of the Byzantine Empire. It was not a fair battle thought because Mehmet II ordered 80 thousand of their best troops ranged against only 7 thousand defenders.

**__<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Sultan Selim I- __**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> Between the years 1514 to 1517 the Ottomans sultan Selim I took control of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Arabia the original heart of Islam.
 * __<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Sinan- __**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> In the middle of the sixteenth century Sinan was declared the greatest of all Ottoman architects

**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Key Places: **
 * __<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Anatolia- __**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> Where the Ottoman Empire began.
 * __<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Bosporus- __** <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">One of the Places that the Ottomans expanded to become the big Empire that they were.
 * __<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Dardanelles- __**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> The second Place the Ottomans took over to expand
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Sea of Marmara- **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">The Sea that separated the new places (Bosporus and Dardanelles) that made up the Ottoman Empire.
 * __<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Makkah- __**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> Was one of the many holy cities of Islam that Sultan Selim I conquered.

**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Key Terms: **
 * __<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Janissary- __**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Were the elite guards in a strong military.
 * __<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Pasha- __**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Were central government appointed officials.
 * __<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Gunpowder Empire- __**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Were formed by outside conquerors that unified all the regions they conquered.
 * __<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Sultan- __**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">The head of the Ottoman system.
 * __<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Harem- __**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Was the privet domain of the sultan.
 * __<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Grand Vizier- __**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">The chief minister who led the meetings of the council.
 * __<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Ulema- __**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Were the sultans religious advisors.

**__<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15.5pt;">Time Line- __**
 * __<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">1453- __**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> Ottoman Turks capture Constantinolpe.
 * __<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">1520- __**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> Süleyman I becomes Ottoman ruler.
 * __<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">1526- __**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> Ottomans defeat Hungarians.
 * __<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">1529- __**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> Austria defeats Ottomans and Vienna.
 * __<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">1571- __**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> Spanish defeat Ottomans at Lepanto.